A Review on Groundwater Quality of Rewari Industrial Area, Haryana and Its Suitability for Domestic and Irrigation Purposes

Abstract

Groundwater is an important source of water for domestic, agricultural and industrial purpose particularly in semi-arid and industrial areas of the world. In this study, the water samples were assessed comprehensively based on the physico-chemical parameters such as pH, TDS, EC, TH, major ions, SAR and RSC. The suitability of the groundwater for drinking purpose is determined by the comparison of the observed values with BIS, WHO and ICMR standards and the suitability for irrigation purposes is determined by salinity index, SAR and RSC index. This classification is also used to interpret groundwater evolution, to delineate primary groundwater types and to map the sources of pollution, using graphical techniques like Piper and Gibbs diagrams. The study brings to light the fact that both natural processes such as rock–water interaction and evaporation as well as anthropogenic activities such as industrial discharge, agricultural runoff, sewage leakage and groundwater extraction affect groundwater quality. The results show the presence of different degrees of contamination that influence both the usability of the water for drinking and for agricultural purposes. The study highlights, overall, the importance of ongoing monitoring, systematic evaluation and sustainable management to ensure safe, effective use of groundwater for current and future needs.