Conciliar Movement and Important philosophers related with the movement
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Abstract
The Conciliar Movement was one of the most significant political and religious developments of the late Middle Ages, emerging in response to the growing concentration of authority in the Papacy and the crisis created by the Great Western Schism (1378–1417). The movement advocated the supremacy of a General Council over the Pope in matters concerning the governance and reform of the Church. Its primary objective was to limit papal absolutism, promote ecclesiastical accountability, and establish constitutional principles within the Church. The movement also contributed to the evolution of political thought by emphasizing the concepts of collective authority, representation, and the rule of law. Prominent philosophers and theologians such as Marsilius of Padua, William of Ockham, Jean Gerson, Pierre d’Ailly, and Nicholas of Cusa played a crucial role in developing its intellectual foundations. This study critically examines the historical background, philosophical principles, major contributors, and enduring significance of the Conciliar Movement, highlighting its influence on constitutionalism, representative governance, and the subsequent development of modern political thought.
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References
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