Development and Evaluation of a Topical Niosomal Gel Formulated with Benzoyl Peroxide and Tretinoin for Anti-Acne Therapy

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a prevalent dermatological condition characterized by excessive sebum production, bacterial colonization, and inflammation. Conventional treatments, such as benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin, are widely used due to their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and comedolytic properties. However, their therapeutic efficacy is often compromised by poor skin penetration, instability, and irritation. To address these challenges, this study focuses on the development and evaluation of a topical niosomal gel incorporating benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin for enhanced anti-acne therapy. Niosomes, non-ionic surfactant-based vesicular carriers, offer improved drug stability, controlled release, and enhanced skin penetration, making them a promising drug delivery system for dermatological applications. The niosomal gel was formulated using the thin-film hydration method and incorporated into a gel matrix for prolonged skin retention. The developed formulation was characterized for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, rheological properties, and in vitro drug release. Skin permeation studies demonstrated enhanced drug absorption, ensuring targeted action with reduced systemic side effects. The formulation exhibited sustained drug release, minimizing irritation while maintaining therapeutic efficacy. The results suggest that the niosomal gel provides a more effective and patient-friendly alternative to conventional formulations. Further in vivo studies and clinical trials are required to validate its efficacy and safety for potential commercial applications in acne management.