Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Microspheres Loaded with Antidiabetic Agents

Abstract

Mucoadhesive microspheres have emerged as a promising drug delivery system for enhancing the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of antidiabetic agents. This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive microspheres loaded with antidiabetic drugs to achieve controlled and sustained drug release. The microspheres were prepared using the solvent evaporation technique with biocompatible polymers such as chitosan and polycarbophil, which provide enhanced mucoadhesion and prolonged gastrointestinal retention. Various physicochemical parameters, including flow properties, particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, swelling behavior, and mucoadhesive strength, were assessed to determine the suitability of the formulations. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed the spherical shape and smooth surface morphology of the microspheres, contributing to their controlled-release profile. The in vitro drug release studies revealed a sustained release pattern over six hours, with formulation F6 exhibiting the highest drug release (56%) and superior mucoadhesive strength (84.11%). The swelling studies indicated significant expansion of the microspheres in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer, enhancing drug retention at the absorption site. The results demonstrate that the formulated microspheres offer a potential drug delivery approach for improving the bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness of antidiabetic agents. Further in vivo studies are required to confirm their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic performance for clinical application in diabetes management.