Optimization of Algae-Based Biodiesel Production for Enhanced Performance in Diesel Engine

Abstract

 The growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly energy sources has led to increased interest in algae-based biodiesel as a promising alternative to fossil fuels. This study focuses on the optimization of biodiesel production from high-lipid microalgae and its application in diesel engines to enhance performance and reduce emissions. Microalgal species such as Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis are cultivated under controlled conditions to maximize lipid yield. Lipid extraction is followed by transesterification, and process parameters such as methanol-to-oil ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction time, and temperature are optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to achieve maximum biodiesel yield. The resulting biodiesel is characterized according to ASTM D6751 standards to evaluate fuel properties such as viscosity, density, flash point, and calorific value. Engine performance is tested using different blends (B10, B20, B50) in a single-cylinder diesel engine. Key performance metrics, including brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and emission levels (CO, NOx, HC), are analyzed. The optimized algae biodiesel blends show improved combustion efficiency and lower emissions compared to pure diesel. This study highlights the potential of algae-based biodiesel as a renewable, sustainable fuel alternative and provides a framework for its effective production and engine utilization.