Cultural Diplomacy in India–Vietnam Relations: An Act East Policy Perspective

Abstract

Cultural diplomacy has emerged as a significant soft power instrument in India’s foreign policy, particularly within the framework of the Act East Policy. India–Vietnam relations, rooted in deep civilizational, cultural, and historical linkages, provide a compelling case to examine the role of culture in strengthening contemporary strategic partnerships. This paper analyzes how cultural diplomacy functions as a complementary pillar in India–Vietnam relations alongside defence, economic, and political cooperation. It explores the evolution of India’s Act East Policy, the shared Buddhist and civilizational heritage between the two countries, and the institutional mechanisms employed to promote cultural engagement. The study argues that cultural diplomacy has enhanced mutual trust, people-to-people connectivity, and strategic convergence between India and Vietnam, particularly in the Indo-Pacific context. At the same time, the paper critically evaluates the limitations and challenges facing India’s cultural outreach in Vietnam. By adopting a qualitative and policy-oriented approach, this research highlights the growing relevance of cultural diplomacy as a strategic tool in India–Vietnam relations and offers policy recommendations for strengthening this dimension under the Act East Policy.