A Comprehensive Review of SVPWM-Based Multilevel Inverters for Renewable Energy Systems: Performance Enhancement, Power Quality, and Future Trends

Abstract

The fast growth of renewable energy sources such solar photovoltaic and wind energy systems has seriously increased the need for efficient power conversion technologies. Power electronic converters, especially multilevel inverters (MLIs) play a big role in linking renewable sources with electrical grids and loads, while still keeping power quality high and operation efficient. Of the many modulation techniques, Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) is now seen as a really solid control approach because it uses the DC bus voltage better, it can cut switching losses, and it tends to lower harmonic distortion. This review paper puts together a broad look at recent progress in renewable energy systems, power electronic converter tech, multilevel inverter designs, and SVPWM-based control methods. The work also checks the main MLI types, like diode-clamped, flying capacitor, and cascaded H-bridge inverters, pointing out how they work, what they do well, and where they struggle. In addition, it critically reviews newer studies tied to power quality boosting, harmonic suppression, intelligent control methods, energy management plans, and smart grid integration. The overall results show that SVPWM-based multilevel inverters can improve voltage quality, raise system efficiency, and increase renewable energy usage more than conventional modulation schemes. Plus, newer trends such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), digital twins, and advanced semiconductor devices are changing how modern renewable energy systems are designed and controlled. Finally, the review highlights where research is still missing pieces, and it points toward future routes for creating high-performance, reliable, and sustainable power conversion systems. In general, multilevel inverters controlled by SVPWM look like a promising path for efficient renewable integration and for helping the shift to intelligent, resilient power systems.